(2002), transplantation of NSCs into a rat model of spinal cord injury resulted in improved functional recovery and increased regeneration of damaged axons. Spinal cord injury: In a study by Hofstetter et al.(2001) showed that transplantation of NSCs in a rat stroke model resulted in improved functional recovery, reduced infarct size, and increased angiogenesis. Multiple sclerosis (MS): In a preclinical study, the transplantation of MSCs in an animal model of MS resulted in reduced inflammation and demyelination, as well as improved neurological function (Zappia et al., 2005).Parkinson's disease: Studies have shown that transplantation of stems cell-derived dopaminergic neurons into animal models of Parkinson's disease can improve motor function and alleviate symptoms (Kim et al., 2002).Several peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy in specific neurological disorders: This modulation may facilitate nerve regeneration by removing physical barriers to nerve growth. Stem cells, particularly MSCs, have been shown to modulate glial scar formation by reducing the proliferation of astrocytes and promoting the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which help break down the scar tissue (Zhang et al., 2013). Modulation of glial scar formation: Glial scar formation can inhibit nerve regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) following injury.This ability allows stem cells to directly contribute to repairing and regenerating the damaged nervous tissue by replacing lost or damaged cells. Differentiation into neural cells: Stem cells, particularly neural stem cells (NSCs), can differentiate into various neural cell types, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (Gage, 2000).This process improves blood flow, oxygen, and nutrient delivery to the injured tissue, promoting healing. Angiogenesis: Stem cells, particularly MSCs, have been shown to promote the formation of new blood vessels by secreting pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Kinnaird et al., 2004).Immunomodulation: Stem cells, particularly MSCs, have demonstrated immunomodulatory properties by suppressing the activation of pro-inflammatory immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) (Uccelli et al., 2008).Neuroprotection: Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been shown to provide neuroprotection by secreting neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which promote neuronal survival and reduce apoptosis (Lu et al., 2005).Some of functions of transplanted cells include: Although the exact mechanisms may vary depending on the specific disease, several standard processes have been identified through peer-reviewed studies that contribute to the therapeutic effects of stem cells in neurological conditions. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising avenue for treating neurological disorders. How Stem Cell Therapy Works for Neurological Disorders Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into specialized cells, making them an ideal candidate for treating multiple medical conditions, including neurological disorders. Stem cell therapy involves using stem cells, which are unspecialized cells capable of developing into various cell types (including human neural stem cells), treating diseases, or repairing damaged tissues. Overview of Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological Conditions Some common neurological disorders include: They can manifest in various ways, including cognitive decline, movement disorders, seizures, and pain. Neurological disorders are diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This article explores how stem cells can treat neurological conditions, the advantages and disadvantages of this therapy, its success rates, and the best stem cell therapy centers worldwide. In recent years, stem cell therapy for neurological disorders has emerged as a promising treatment option. However, stem cell therapies promise to reduce the neurological symptoms associated with these diseases. One area that can be negatively affected by aging is the development of brain disorders and the body's natural stem cells, known as endogenous stem cells. Aging is a multifaceted process that impacts various aspects of the human body. Neurological disorders can be debilitating and life-altering.
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